0xVM

An execution layer that treats Bitcoin as its data availability layer: transactions are written as Bitcoin transactions, results are checked by nodes, and no asset lockup, bridge or payment channel is required. The design encodes virtual-machine instructions into UTXOs, orders transactions by gas fee to limit front-running, and uses batch instructions with parallel execution, while EVM compatibility lets Solidity contracts deploy directly. Each transaction writes calldata and the resulting state together, so a replaying node restores state from Bitcoin blocks alone.

The architecture spans a Bitcoin layer, an execution layer and a data consistency layer, with validators comparing main-chain records against consistency data. In 2026 the focus shifted toward narrative and agents: key opinion leaders' posting histories become on-chain AI agents that talk to each other in group chats and can trigger token issuance straight from a conversation.